Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of former combatants continues to be one of the most important components of peacekeeping operations. DPKO’s work on small arms has been largely focused on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of former combatants in the context of peacekeeping operations. The central objective of DDR is to support parties to a conflict remove weapons from its political and economic discourse and promote the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants, and those associated with the armed conflict, so as to make peace irreversible.
The last seven peacekeeping operations established by the UN Security Council have all included DDR in their mandate. These are the United Nations Mission in the United Nations Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL, 1999), the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC, 1999), the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL, 2003), the United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI, 2004), the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH, 2004), the United Nations Operation in Burundi (UNOB, 2004), and the United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS, 2005).
In relation to DDR, the Security Council’s increasing focus on cross-border activities has been significant in recent years. Peacekeeping operations address the issue of cross-border activities in Burundi, Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia and Sierra Leone. In 2003-2004, in addition to the collection and the disposal of illicit small arms, the Council included in new and revised mandates of peacekeeping missions monitoring the illicit flow of small arms and light weapons, monitoring of arms embargo, supporting repatriation and resettlement of foreign combatants with national governments, inter-mission/country coordination and observance of the presence of foreign military forces in the key areas of volatility. The Council also stressed the importance of coherence between peacekeeping operations and prevention of cross-border movements of combatants across border of the countries in which peacekeeping operations are operated.
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